optical circulator | DK Photonics Blog

Optical Circulators and Their Applications

The ‘optocirculator’ commonly known as optical circulator is the circulator which is majorly used for optical communication. It is actually similar to the isolator but, optical Isolator is used to insert resistance to the reverse signal with loss of insertion whereas, optical circulator directs the light to one port and diverts it out to the non-reciprocal port. Isolator typically has 2 ports only while circulator has 3 to 4 ports.

Originally, polarization insensitive optical circulators were used in telecommunication systems in order to increase the capacity of transmission of existing networks. The Utilization of these circulators in a bi-directional transmission system can double the network’s transmission capacity without deploying extra fibers, earlier, this task was very expensive without optical circulators.

However, the uses of optical circulators have greatly expanded in not only the telecommunication sector but also the imaging and sensing industries with the quick and great advancement in optical communication technologies and the wide availability of high-performance circulators at lower costs. Optical circulators have now become a vital element in advanced optical networks.

Typical Specifications for Optical Circulator:

Grade type (P or A)
Number of Ports (3 or 4 ports)
Insertion loss (0.6/0.8) over +/- 20 nm bandwidth
Central Wavelength (1310nm or 1550nm)
Directivity (60 dB)
Power handling limit (300 mW)
Isolation (min.40dB)
Return Loss (60 dB)
PDL (0.1 dB)
WDL (0.2 dB)
PMD (0.1 ps)

Optical circulators are intensively powerful devices that are generally used to extract optical signals from a reflective device. In this manner, optical circulators are regularly utilized related to the fiber Bragg gratings that are ordinarily reflective devices. Together with fiber Bragg gratings, optical circulators have turned out to be one of the vital components in advanced DWDM optical systems. Circulators are utilized as MUX/DEMUX systems, but at the same time are utilized in dispersion compensation with the fiber Bragg grating, tunable optical Add/Drop, and other different applications.

The idea has been adapted into different devices, such as replacing the coupler and erbium-doped fiber with a dispersion compensation fiber to reduce the required fiber length and adding a Faraday rotator in-between the fiber and mirror in order to reduce the polarization-induced effects. Also, bi-directional fiber amplifiers are also proposed for taking full advantage of the polarization insensitive optical circulator.

With the improvement in advanced optical systems, the uses of optical circulators are extending quickly and new uses and applications are rising rapidly. For instance, as of late it has been accounted that by including wavelength-specific capacities into circulators, a bi-directional wavelength-subordinate circulator can be arranged, which opens another measurement of uses in the advanced DWDM optical systems.

These circulators are widely used for several other applications and this why they are extensively available at the stores as well as online. Due to increase in demand, there are thousands of manufacturers and millions of suppliers of optical circulators all around the world.

Everything You Ought to Know about 1064nm High Power Circulator

1064nm High Power Circulator broadens the essential thought behind an optical isolator and adds greater usefulness to the gadget. A circulator does not dispose of the regressive proliferating light, as an isolator does, yet guides it to another port, along these lines bringing about a three-port gadget in the most straightforward design. More ports can be added on the off chance that one needs to divert light originating from the third port to a fourth port. Indeed, even six ports circulators exist which guide light to various ports in a roundabout form contingent upon which port light enters.

You may figure that with the expanding of ports, the outline turns out to be progressively mind-boggling. You are totally right on that figure. The second layer of multifaceted nature is included for polarization-free circulators on the grounds that they should part the approaching light from any port into its symmetrically captivated segments and process every segment independently.

All in all, a circulator requires countless. The most critical part in a polarization autonomous circulator is the bar displacer. Shaft displacer is produced using a firmly birefringent medium with the end goal that it uproots the symmetrically captivated parts spatially by various sums.

Notwithstanding their multifaceted nature, optical circulators are accessible economically in a generally smaller size with fiber braids on each end. Inclusion misfortunes are likewise exceptionally satisfactory for such complex gadgets.

It is vital to observe that before purchasing 1064nm High Power Circulator, you need to ensure the provider truly offers you with quality gadgets. As a business, you generally need to ensure you acquire solid circulators and isolators at a focused cost. By doing your examination, you can discover organizations that have the goal of satisfying if not surpassing your needs and desires.

The provider you ought to lean toward must be focused on giving quality gadgets that your organization can make utilization of for a broadened timeframe. Notwithstanding their great quality line of items, you may likewise need to accentuate the supplier¡¯s amicability when managing clients particularly on the off chance that you have specific needs.

They ought to have proficient staff that will engage any inquiry you may have and each one of those critical things you have to think about the setups and in addition the employment of ferrite isolator. Having the capacity to fabricate long haul association with the provider can be a path for you to ensure that you are getting the greater part of your ventures.

Picking the privilege 1064nm High Power Circulator provider might astound particularly when you locate that the vast majority of them are promising you of value RF isolator and circulator. Research before buy can assume an essential part in guaranteeing that you have picked the correct provider. The web can be an incredible place where you can discover a choice of exceptional providers of the drop-in isolator and drop in the circulator.

In the event that you are uncertain of your choice, dependably make utilization of audits and discussions where you can discover individuals who have acquired these gadgets from specific producers.

All You Should Know About Optical Circulators

A circulator can be identified as an electronic transmitting device made in a ferrous material and intended to help divert a message in a particular direction or destination. A large number of the circulator units accompany various ports, which make it conceivable to guide the signal to the right way. A standard circulator is probably going to incorporate no less than three or four ports. They are usually made to work in conjunction with receivers (antennas), however, there are those transmitters ready to channel microwaves, light, and same signals.

This type of a transmitting device is made to coordinate the flow of electricity as per the energy enters or exists through the ports. A typical style of circulator incorporates three ports which are set at points of 120 degrees separately.

The Optical Circulator

The optical circulator has comparative design and capacity as the optical isolator. It is a nonreciprocal passive device that guides light successively from port 1 to port 2, from port 2 to port 3, and continuously head towards a single direction. The task of a circulator is like that of an isolator aside from the complexity in its construction. Just like a random isolator, optical circulator also uses polarization to carry out its activity.

Several types of circulators are available in the market for commercial use. They have low inclusion loss, high disengagement over a wide wavelength run, polarization dependent loss is low, and low polarization mode scattering.

Typically, the circulator is constructed using Faraday rotators, half-wave plates and a few polaziers.

Polarization Insensitive Optical Circulator – it is practically used for a light with a specific polarization state. The polarization insensitive optical circulator is utilized just as a part of constrained applications, for example, optical sensing and detecting and free-space communications between satellites.

Based on their usefulness, optical circulators can be divided into two categories.

Full circulator: In this, light goes through all ports completing a circle which means light starts from the first port go to the last port and then is always transmitted back to the main/first port. IF we talk about a three-port circulator, light starts from port 1 to port 2, port 2 to port 3, and from port 3 back to port 1.

Quasi-circulator: Here, light goes through all ports in sequence; however, light from the last port is lost and can’t be transmitted back to the primary port. In a quasi three-port circulator, light goes through from port 1 to port 2 and port 2 to port 3, however any light from port 3 is lost and can’t be spread back to port 1. In many applications just a quasi-circulator is required.

Without a circulator, numerous applications must be supplanted by a 3dB fiber coupler which will present 3dB losses. The utilization of circulator provides a similar objective with maintaining less than – 1dB insertion loss.

Selection Guideline for Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator

There are very many passive components involved in fiber optical networks and an optical circulator is among the top options. These components help in signal delivery without any failure thus remain to be very important. When used, the optical circulator will direct the signals between different ports but maintaining a single direction. There will be no chances of the signal going in a different direction that was not intended.

Two-way situations apply

However, that does not make it a one-direction device only. There are rare situations where you can have the circulator used in a two-way situation. When there is an optical signal sent by the circulator in two different directions, the fiber is usually one. You will have the circulator fixed on the two ends of the fiber and will function by adding a signal in one end while removing from the opposite end.

Whenever you are choosing a Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator to use, there are very many things that must be put into serious consideration. That will be the benchmark on which your choices will be based upon. Features must be one of the things that you look out for in an ideal optical circulator. The good thing is that such a circulator comes loaded with more features to make your experience remarkable.

Consider different applications

The circulator comes with two main high-power options to choose from. You can go for either 1550nm or 1064nm depending on your needs. The other standout features for Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator include epoxy-free optical path and compact inline package. There are additional features that as well make the circulator a unique choice compared to other alternatives available.

The other thing to look at includes applications which play a key role in the functioning of an optical circulator. Main applications that you should pay attention to are bidirectional pumping, fiber sensors, add-drop multiplexing, bidirectional signal transmission systems as well as coupling inline chromatic dispersion compensation devices.

With these applications, you are sure that your circulator will give out an optimal performance. You can have a Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator used in multiple optical settings thus it will offer you limitless options. That is because they are unidirectional and non-reciprocating while their availability as three-port makes the circulator even more suitable. Do you know that it’s possible to use optical circulators in communication systems that are more advanced? Well, that is yet another of their biggest advantage over other types of circulators.

Get optimal performance

That is made possible by the fact that optical circulators come with a very small insertion loss while their isolation levels are very high. When used in advanced systems of communication, the circulators will come as any of the common applications. The result you get from using Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator will depend largely on how you have chosen to use it. If you make your decision well, the result will be good but if not then you will get a different result. It will all depend on your choices.

Optical Fiber In-line Polarizer & its Fine Features

The significance and value of Optical fibers don’t need any explanations or specifications in the world of electronics and technology. These devices are no doubt the tiny part but are equally important as well as requisite for the effective / efficient working of the machinery and electronic. When we talk about optical fiber In-line polarizer these are the cogs which can never be overlooked.

Optical Fiber In-line Polarizer

Low cost optical fiber In-line polarizer is the device to convert unpolarized light into linearly polarized light. It encompasses both, input as well as output as one input of single mode fiber and one output with polarization maintaining fiber. It can easily be connected conveniently into the optical systems through pigtailed input / output connectors.

Now let’s discuss the fine features of In-line Polarizer:

Low insertion loss: in telecommunications, the loss of signal power coming from the insertion of a device into the optical fiber is generally referred to as insertion cost. The insertion cost of the In-line polarization is stumpy and quite lesser than the other similar devices.

High extinction ratio: the polarizer especially, the In-line polarizer usually have the high extinction ratio i.e. the ratio of the two optical power levels of a digital signal produced by an ocular source.

High return loss: The optical fiber polarizer generates high return loss i.e. the loss of power in the signal reflected / returned by a discontinuity in a broadcast line or ocular fiber.

Compactness and light weight: Yet another beneficial feature of an In-line Polarizer is that it is quite compact as well as light weighted. This helps in the placement and execution of the appliance. Its light weight helps it work easily and effortlessly.

High stability and reliability: In-line polarizer is always recommended as it is quite stable as well as reliable. Unlike all other types of polarizers, the in-line polarizer has higher stability. This is the reason why companies and industries trust these.

Beyond all, the optical fiber In-line polarizer is available in market at low costs. There are several organizations which offer and sell the high quality optical fiber solutions at competitive prices and ensure you an effective as well as a durable working.

So, whenever you seek the high quality optical fiber In-line Polarizer, or decide to buy them, make sure you choose a copper-bottomed company to get the best products and high quality services as well as high class solutions at competitive prices!

Optical Fiber In-line Polarizer

Now let’s discuss the fine features of In-line Polarizer:

Low insertion loss: in telecommunications, the loss of signal power coming from the insertion of a device into the optical fiber is generally referred to as insertion cost. The insertion cost of the In-line polarization is stumpy and quite lesser than the other similar devices.

High extinction ratio: the polarizer especially, the In-line polarizer usually have the high extinction ratio i.e. the ratio of the two optical power levels of a digital signal produced by an ocular source.

High return loss: The optical fiber polarizer generates high return loss i.e. the loss of power in the signal reflected / returned by a discontinuity in a broadcast line or ocular fiber.

Compactness and light weight: Yet another beneficial feature of an In-line Polarizer is that it is quite compact as well as light weighted. This helps in the placement and execution of the appliance. Its light weight helps it work easily and effortlessly.

High stability and reliability: In-line polarizer is always recommended as it is quite stable as well as reliable. Unlike all other types of polarizers, the in-line polarizer has higher stability. This is the reason why companies and industries trust these.

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Ultrafast laser pulses induce atoms in gold nanodisks to vibrate

In a study that could open doors for new applications of photonics from molecular sensing to wireless communications, Rice University scientists have discovered a new method to tune the light-induced vibrations of nanoparticles through slight alterations to the surface to which the particles are attached.

In a study published online this week in Nature Communications, researchers at Rice’s Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP) used ultrafast laser pulses to induce the atoms in gold nanodisks to vibrate. These vibrational patterns, known as acoustic phonons, have a characteristic frequency that relates directly to the size of the nanoparticle. The researchers found they could fine-tune the acoustic response of the particle by varying the thickness of the material to which the nanodisks were attached.

“Our results point toward a straightforward method for tuning the acoustic phonon frequency of a nanostructure in the gigahertz range by controlling the thickness of its adhesion layer,” said lead researcher Stephan Link, associate professor of chemistry and in electrical and computer engineering.

Rice University researchers (clockwise from front) Man-Nung Su, Wei-Shun Chang and Fangfang Wen discovered a new method to tune the light-induced vibrations of nanoparticles through slight alterations to the surface to which they are attached.

Light has no mass, but each photon that strikes an object imparts a miniscule amount of mechanical motion, thanks to a phenomenon known as radiation pressure. A branch of physics known as optomechanics has developed over the past decade to study and exploit radiation pressure for applications like gravity wave detection and low-temperature generation.

Link and colleagues at LANP specialize in another branch of science called plasmonics that is devoted to the study of light-activated nanostructures. Plasmons are waves of electrons that flow like a fluid across a metallic surface.

When a light pulse of a specific wavelength strikes a metal particle like the puck-shaped gold nanodisks in the LANP experiments, the light energy is converted into plasmons. These plasmons slosh across the surface of the particle with a characteristic frequency, in much the same way that each phonon has a characteristic vibrational frequency.

The study’s first author, Wei-Shun Chang, a postdoctoral researcher in Link’s lab, and graduate students Fangfang Wen and Man-Nung Su conducted a series of experiments that revealed a direct connection between the resonant frequencies of the plasmons and phonons in nanodisks that had been exposed to laser pulses.

“Heating nanostructures with a short light pulse launches acoustic phonons that depend sensitively on the structure’s dimensions,” Link said. “Thanks to advanced lithographic techniques, experimentalists can engineer plasmonic nanostructures with great precision. Based on our results, it appears that plasmonic nanostructures may present an interesting alternative to conventional optomechanical oscillators and high power isolator”

Chang said plasmonics experts often rely on substrates when using electron-beam lithography to pattern plasmonic structures. For example, gold nanodisks like those used in the experiments will not stick to glass slides. But if a thin substrate of titanium or chromium is added to the glass, the disks will adhere and stay where they are placed.

“The substrate layer affects the mechanical properties of the nanostructure, but many questions remain as to how it does this,” Chang said. “Our experiments explored how the thickness of the substrate impacted properties like adhesion and phononic frequency.”

Link said the research was a collaborative effort involving research groups at Rice and the University of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia.

“Wei-Shun and Man-Nung from my lab did the ultrafast spectroscopy,” Link said. “Fangfang, who is in Naomi Halas’ group here at Rice, made the nanodisks. John Sader at the University of Melbourne, and his postdoc Debadi Chakraborty calculated the acoustic modes, and Yue Zhang, a Rice graduate student from Peter Nordlander’s group at Rice simulated the optical/plasmonic properties. Bo Shuang of the Landes’ research group at Rice contributed to the analysis of the experimental data.”

The research was supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation and the Department of Defense’s Multi-University Research Initiative. Additional co-authors include Zhang, Shuang, Nordlander and Halas, all of Rice; and Chakraborty and Sader, both of the University of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia.

About DK Photonics

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for fiber laser applications such as 1064nm high power isolator, Cladding Power Stripper, Multimode High Power Isolator, pump combiner,1064nm Band-pass Filter,(6+1)X1 Pump and Signal Combiner, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, optical Coupler. More information, please contact us.

2015-Fiber Optic Circulators Global Market Analysis

The market value of fiber optic circulators increased 10.77% in 2014…

Aptos, CA (USA) – March 9, 2015 — ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market research & technology forecast consultancy addressing the fiber optics communications industry, today announced the release of a new market forecast of the global consumption of fiber optic circulators in optical communications.

During 2014-2019, the consumption value is forecast to increase with rising quantity growth partially offset by declining average prices.

The fiber optic circulator market is presented by the following port-count configurations: 3-Ports; 4-Ports; and more than 4-Ports (> 4 – Ports). According to ElectroniCast, the worldwide use of fiber optic circulators reached $244.8 million in 2014, an increase of 10.77% over he total consumption value of $227.4 million in 2013. 3-Port fiber optic circulators held an 80% market share in 2014. Well-over 70% of the 3-Port fiber optic circulator market value in 2014 was in Telecommunication applications.

Telecommunications is set to maintain its dominant market share lead throughout the forecast period. Specialty applications (R&D laboratory, sensors, test equipment, oil/gas, other) are set to maintain the position of second-place, according to the ElectroniCast market forecast and analysis study.

Fiber Optic Circulators are non-reciprocal devices, which means that changes in the properties of light passing through the device are not reversed when the light passes through in the opposite direction. The optical device is commonly used in a wide variety of systems, here are just a few examples: dispersion compensation, optical sensors, optical amplifiers, WDM systems, optical add/drops multiplexing (OADMs) and test/measurement instruments such as optical time-domain reflectometers (OTDRs), remote fiber (optic) test systems (RFTS) and other test equipment.

The deployment of optical fiber in the metro/access, the continuing demand for upgrading networks to accommodate rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements, plus the need for additional monitoring and testing of the optical fiber networks will drive the steady consumption of fiber optic circulators.

According to ElectroniCast Consultants, 3-Port fiber optic circulators held an 80% (value) market share in 2014…

Fiber Optic Circulator Global Market Share (%), By Port Count

(2014 – ElectroniCast Estimate: $244.8 Million)

fiber optic circulators

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as 1064nm High Power Isolator,1064nm Components, PM Components, (2+1)x1 Pump Combiner,Pump Laser Protector,Mini-size CWDM,100GHz DWDM,Optical Circulator,PM Circulator,PM Isolator,Fused Coupler,Mini Size Fused WDM.

Optical Isolators Global Market Forecast-DK Photonics

According to ElectroniCast, optical isolator value in Telecommunications is forecast to increase 19.6% this year…

Aptos, California (USA) – April 29, 2014 —ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market research & technology forecast consultancy addressing the fiber optics communications industry, today announced the release of a new market forecastof the global consumption of optical isolators in optical communication and specialty applications.

According to ElectroniCast, the worldwide optical isolator consumption was led by Telecommunication applications in 2013 with a 70 percent market share or $349.7 million, and is forecasted to increase 19.6 percent in value to $418.2 million this year (2014). Market forecast data in this study report refers to consumption (use) for a particular calendar year; therefore, this data is not cumulative data.

Optical isolators are devices that allow light to be transmitted in only one direction. They are most often used to prevent any light from reflecting back down the optical fiber, as this light would enter the source and cause backscattering and feedback problems. This is especially important for high data rate transceivers and transponders, or those devices requiring long span lengths between transceiver pairs. Optical feedback degrades signal-to-noise ratio and consequently bit-error rate.

“Continuing demand for upgrading communication networks to accommodate rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements will drive the steady consumption of optical fiber links. Optical isolators are used in with high-speed transmitters that are required to transmit longer distances and/or multiple wavelength transmitters,” stated Stephen Montgomery, Director of the Fiber Optics Components group at ElectroniCast Consultants.

Optical isolators are not widely used in Private Enterprise applications; however, worldwide use of fiber optic isolators in Cable TV controlled device deployments are forecast to grow significantly in value at an annual rate of 8.8 percent (2013-2018), as optical fiber is deployed closer to the home driven by multi-media applications.

Optical isolator units are used in a variety of Military/Aerospace applications requiring rigorous testing and harsh environment fiber optic (HEFO) certification to ensure reliability and performance. Laser-based fiber optic technology incorporating optical isolators are used in a wide variety of air, sea, ground, and space applications.

A major user-group within the Specialty application category is Laboratory/R&D. Optical isolators are used for noise reduction, medical imaging, pulse selection for mode locked lasers, sensing, regeneration switches, disc master, optical trapping, phase shifters, frequency modulation spectroscopy and general shuttering. The optical isolators are also used in sensing for industrial, structures and other many other communication product-oriented manufacturing/test/R&D uses.

“During the forecast period (2013-2018), bandwidth expansion demands will push for new network links, incorporating Metro Core, Metro/Access, Long Haul, Optical Fiber Amplifiers, WDM, OADM and other system-based deployments, which incorporate optical isolators,” Montgomery added.

The American region held the lead in terms of relative market share consumption value of optical isolators in 2013, with nearly 43.4 percent; however the American region is forecast to increase at a slower rate compared to the other regions (2013-2018). The Asia Pacific region (APAC) is forecast to increase in worldwide market share from 39.7 percent in 2013 to with 53.7 percent in 2018. The Europe, Middle East, African region (EMEA) is forecast to remain in the third-place position, however, increase at a faster annual pace versus the American region.

According to ElectroniCast, the American Region leads optical isolator consumption value…

2013 – Optical Isolator Global Value Market Share (%),

By Region, $498 Million

Source: ElectroniCast Consultants

Optical Isolator Global Value Market Share (%)

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as PLC Splitter, WDM, FWDM, CWDM, DWDM, OADM,Optical Circulator, Isolator, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, Fused Coupler, Fused WDM, Collimator, Optical Switch and Polarization Maintaining Components, Pump Combiner, High power isolator, Patch Cord and all kinds of connectors.

Free Space Optics Global Market Forecast –DK Photonics

According to ElectroniCast, the worldwide value of FSO link devices in stationary non-military/aerospace applications was $33.49 million in 2013…

Aptos, CA (USA) – January 24, 2014 —ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market research consultancy, today announced the release of a report presenting their market analysis and forecast of Free Space Optics (FSO) communication links used in non-military/aerospace applications.

The global consumption of fixed-location (stationary) Transmitter/Receiver (T/R) links (pairs) used in non-military/ aerospace Free Space Optic system equipment was $33.49 million in 2013, up 11 percent from $29.83 million in 2012. Free Space Optic (FSO) Transmitters and Receivers (pairs) used in link equipment with a range capability of less than 500 meters or less led in relative market share in 2013 with a global consumption value of $23.06 million.

According to the Free Space Optics Global Market Forecast & Analysis (January 2014), FSO is a line-of-sight (LOS) technology that uses directed laser beams, which provide optical bandwidth Transmitters and Receivers to link voice, video, and data intelligent transfer. A single FSO link product (from point A to point B) often may incorporate multiple transmitters along with receiver/s to ensure adequate performance, in case of interference.

Free Space Optic communication links can be installed along railroad/subway tracks, tunnels, airport terminals, parking lot/structures or other major un-obstructed right-of-way (ROW); outdoors on building rooftops (building-to-building and/or campus), exterior walls, towers, indoors (aimed out a window), or any combination; however, a direct line-of-sight and appropriate distance are required to enable a Transmitter/Receiver Link between two points (point-to-point).

FSO-based products accommodate Ethernet-based protocols, SONET/SDH, ATM, FDDI and other standard and proprietary protocols. Products can be used for metropolitan (Metro) network extension; DWDM services, access/last mile, wireless backhaul, disaster recovery (testing and communications), storage area networks (SANs) and LAN/first mile/FTTx, and an almost endless list of other solutions.

The increase in the consumption of FSO links in the America region will be attributed to not only continued upgrades and network facilitation in the United States and Canada, but partly from the accelerating economic growth of major cities in Latin America. Other market dynamics in the American region are increases in communication links needed for growing infrastructures, such as mass transit, security systems, broadcast and telecommunications.

European inner-city urban areas typically are difficult for wire-lines, including optical fiber cable installations; therefore, this fact promotes FSO or other wireless solutions. The APAC region has advanced communication technology deployed especially in Japan; however, other countries, such as Australia, China and India, are not as advanced in campus-wide and metropolitan optical communication deployment.

The APAC region has rapidly expanding market opportunities and therefore, our forecast shows the region with the fastest growth (2013-2019), with the region taking over the leadership position later on in the forecast period.

According to ElectroniCast, the APAC region is forecast to eventually take the lead in terms of relative market share of non-military/aerospace FSO-Links…

Non-Military/Aerospace

FSO Global Consumption Value Market Share (%), By Region

Source: ElectroniCast Consultants

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as PLC Splitter, WDM, FWDM, CWDM, DWDM, OADM,Optical Circulator, Isolator, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, Fused Coupler, Fused WDM, Collimator, Optical Switch and Polarization Maintaining Components, Pump Combiner, High power isolator, Patch Cord and all kinds of connectors.

What is Passive Optical Network?

Passive Optical Network (PON) is a form of fiber-optic access network that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. A PON system consists of an OLT at the service provider’s central office and a number of ONU units near end users, with an ODN between the OLT and ONU. PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures.

PON Optical Network — Passive Optical Network (PON)

The most obvious advantage of the PON network is the elimination of the outdoor active devices. All the signals processing functions are completed in the switches and the user premises equipment. The upfront investment of this access methods are small, and the most funds investment is postponed until the user really access. Its transmission distance is shorter than the active optical access system. The coverage is also smaller, but it is low cost, no need to set the engine room, and easy to maintain. So this structure can be economically serve for the home users.

PON Development Background

Seen from the entire network structures, due to the larger numbers of laying optical fibers, and widely applications of DWDM technology, the backbone network has been a breakthrough in the development. The same time, due to advances in Ethernet technology, its dominant LAN bandwidth has increased from 10M, 100M to 1G or 10G.. At present, what we are concerned about is the part between the network backbone and local area networks, home users; this is often said that the “last mile”, which a bottleneck is. Must break this bottleneck, may user in the new world of the online world. It is as if in a national highway system, trunk and regional roads have been built in the broad high-grade highway, but leads to the families and businesses of the door was still narrow winding path, the efficiency of the road network cannot play.